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Patients with low immune function are prone to novel coronavirus infection, which is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) concept of deficiency of vital Qi and invasion of toxin. At present, it is necessary to focus on the development of antiviral drugs, but it is also urgent to study the preparation for regulating the immune system. Mucosal tissue is an important barrier of human immune system. It has an independent immune system with unique functions and structures. It is the body's first line of defense against infection, and is in direct contact with external antigens (such as food, symbiotic bacteria, viruses, etc.). In the resistance to viruses and infections, the mucosal immune system (such as respiratory mucosa, intestinal mucosa, etc.) plays an extremely important role, which can eliminate foreign pathogenic microorganisms or other foreign antigens, so that the virus does not invade the body tissue and cause damage to the body. There are more and more reports on the therapeutic effects of TCM through the mucosal immune system. This paper aims to explore the relationship between mucosal immunity and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the intervention mechanism of TCM, so as to provide useful research methods and therapeutic ideas for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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OBJECTIVE： To explore and establish general testing methods for pigments in Chinese material medica, decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine. METHODS： The approved supplementary testing methods and relevant literatures for pigments in Chinese material medica, decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine were reviewed and summarized. Based on the practical experience and data, the general test methods were proposed and established by TLC, HPLC and LC-MS. The pigments were grouped according to color system. RESULTS： A large number of representative samples were used for the method validation. Fifteen pigments were detected in 923 batches of samples. CONCLUSION： The established general pigment test methods are feasible and could provide reference for the scientific supervision and the establishment of relevant standard method.
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Based on the systematic summary of the results of the fourth general survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the cultivation of large varieties of Chinese material medica and the latest research on health industrial development, the novel concepts and scientific connotations of generalized science of Chinese material medica are put forward, and the basic ideas and methods of a new Chinese medicine academic system, the cultivation system of large varieties of Chinese medicinal materials and the application system of the large health industry are constructed. This kind of generalized science of Chinese material medica, rooted in the traditional Chinese culture and the theory of "preventive treatment of disease", can avoid the narrow prospect induced by the increasing specialization and refinement of knowledge of science of Chinese material medica. It will play an important role in the modernization, industrialization, internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Humans , Drug Industry , Materia Medica , Therapeutic Uses , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , ResearchABSTRACT
Excessive moisture absorption often occurs in Chinese material medica (CMM) preparations due to its raw material composition is easy to absorb moisture, the increases of water content easily weaken the stability of the preparations and increase the molding difficulty of the products at the same time. At present, the basic principle of moisture absorption can be explained by adsorption theory, theory of capillary condensation, and Fick diffusion theorem, combining a variety of evaluation indexes to judge the degree of moisture absorption, which can be as the basis for developing different moisture-proof technology of CMM preparations. The relevant literatures in recent years were reviewed in this paper, conbined with the widely recognized principle of moisture sorption, characterization method, and feasible moisture-proof technology, aiming to provide technical reference and implementation examples for the moisture-proof of CMM preparations.
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Objective To explore the effect of macromolecule on the mass transfer process of berberine during membrane separation. Methods The membrane filtration experiment combined with molecular dynamics simulation were used to analyse and predict the interaction between micromolecule effective substance and the macromolecule commonly existed in the water extract of Chinese material medica. Firstly, the mixed simulation solution of berberine and macromolecule was prepared to carry out the membrane separation experiment. The transmittance and adsorption rate of berberine, the rejection and adsorption rate of macromolecule was determined to analyse the effect of macromolecule on the transmittance of berberine in the membrane filtration process. Then, the molecular dynamics simulation software was used to establish simulation system to calculate the interaction between berberine and macromolecule, so as to analyse the effect of macromolecule on the mass transfer process of berberine. Results The permeability of berberine was significantly reduced after being mixed with the macromolecule. The total interaction energy between protein, starch, pectin and berberine was calculated as -122.723 3, -83.613 0, and -125.815 9 kJ/mol, respectively. The interaction energy between starch and berberine was minimum, and the interaction energy between protein and berberine was similar as that between pectin and berberine. Conclusion In membrane separation process, the interaction between the macromolecule and berberine is the main factor affecting the mass transfer process of berberine, and the strength of the interaction results in the difference in the permeability of berberine.
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The hyperphosphorylation of MEK1(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) is one of the causesfor melanoma. It is important to discover a potential medicine for melanoma through virtual screening of chemical composition of Chinese material medica on MEK1. In this study, a docking pocket model and Flex Search model were built by using a MEK1 crystal structure, the similarity between connector conformation and gametophyte conformation in the crystal structure was 0.784.There was a linear relationship between total score and pIC₅₀on MEK1 inhibitors, with R²=0.937, which further indicated the reliability of the virtual screening model.The search library of traditional Chinese medicine database on the Lipinski's rule was docked with the pocket model, and then 50 compounds with a totalscore of more than 7.0 were obtained by the Flex model. In this paper, top 10 active ingredients in screening results showed atotal score of more than that of positive medicines. It is expected to further research the inhibition of MEK1 and melanoma.
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Cistanches Herba, which mainly grows in the arid or semiarid areas in northwest China, is one of the precious tonic Chinese material medica. It has been traditionally used as a nutritious food in China for thousands of years. Ancient literature with regard to the variety origin, producing areas, property and flavor, traditional effect and toxicity, usage and dosage, and edibility of Cistanches Herba are summarized in this review. The origin plants are Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma and Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) G. Beck. The producing areas and present effect of Cistanches Herbaare the same as those in the ancient literature. It is often made into oral pills for various adult consumptive diseases. It is contraindicated in cases of essence deficiency with yang going upward adversely and diarrhea. The dietotherapy history of Cistanches Herba in China can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589). Cistanches Herba braised with mutton or sheep kidneys is a time-honored dish in China to alleviate fatigue. This work is committed to providing literature evidence for further research on the raw materials of Cistanches Herba as health foods.
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Bioequivalence has an important role in the new drug research, development of non-patent medicine, and post-marketing evaluation of drugs and is an essential step in the standardization and modernization of Chinese materia medica (CMM). With the acceleration of modernization of CMM, CMM preparation products made by different manufacturers differ in quality, resulting in different effects. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the application of bioequivalent study in CMM preparation products to ensure the effectiveness and safety. In this paper, the research methods of the biological equivalence were introduced systematically, and the significance of the "component structure theory" to the study on biological equivalent of the CMM preparations has been elaborated, in order to improve the evaluation system of the biological equivalent for CMM preparations.
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Objective: To compare with the contents of alkaline substances from four different prescription of formulations of traditional Chinese medicine (single aconite decoction, Jiangfu Decoction, Sini Decoction, and Shenfu Injection) with the same dose of aconite. Methods: Taken aconitine as the standard substance, the area under absorbance-wavelength curve (AUAWC) and absorption values of alkaline substances from four formulations, namely single aconite decoction, Jiangfu Decoction, Sini Decoction and Shenfu Injection (every concentration of aconite crude herb for 0.2 g/mL as the same dose), were obtained, respectively, which were determined by the method of AUAWC after the scanning for the wavelength from 200~600 nm and the method of bromocresol green colorimetric at 415 nm, and the data calculated were compared. Results: The results are accurate and reliable, and the methods of both AUAWC and bromocresol green colorimetric are feasible. The linear equations were Y = 0.145 42 X + 3.240 4, r = 0.999 3 for the AUAWC and Y = 0.008 63 X + 0.006 57, r = 0.999 5 for the bromocresol green colorimetric, respectively. The contents of alkaline substances from single aconite decoction, Jiangfu Decoction, Sini Decoction and Shenfu Injection were acquired through the method of AUAWC, which were 1 137.992, 2 907.120, 2 455.611, and 298.208 μg/mL, respectively, and the contents of aconitum alkaline substances were obtained by bromocresol green colorimetric with the concentration of 293.824, 447.767, 343.804 and 38.382 μg/mL, respectively. The content determined by the former method was much larger than that of the latter method, but the trend of the contents from two methods was the same, which was Jiangfu Decoction > Sini Decoction > single aconite decoction > Shenfu Injection. Conclusion: The contents of alkaline substances from different prescription of formulations of traditional Chinese medicine with the same dose of aconite are different, and the concentration of overall alkaline substances from AUAWC is more comprehensive than that of aconitum alkaline substances determined by bromocresol green colorimetric, which will provide more scientific theory interpretation for compatibility mechanism and dose-effect relationship as well as security research of Chinese medicine preparation of aconite.
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Herbarium specimens are the basis for the plant classification and indispensable media in teaching, scientific research and resources investigation. They have also played an important role in identifying and producing traditional Chinese medicine. High-quality herbarium specimens shall meet high requirements for integrity, smoothness, color and fabricating efficiency. Therefore, we designed a rapid setting and drying device for herbarium specimens, which could make the herbarium specimens smooth, colorful and not easy to mildew. In this paper, we pointed out the deficiency of traditional methods in making herbarium specimens, and introduced the structure and working principle of the device. Besides, we also discussed the effect of the device in setting and drying herbarium specimens and its application in the fourth national survey of the Chinese material medica resources (CMMR) in Anhui province. As a result, the device provides new ideas for producing herbarium specimens, with a reasonable design, good uniformity, high efficiency, safety and portability, and so is worthy of promotion and application in the national survey of CMMR.
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In recent years, the research object of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) analysis has not just been limited to the common analysis technology, but focused on the key relationship between chemical ingredients and traditional functions, including Chinese material medica (CMM) attributes, chemical substance and biological function. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) analysis technology, due to its unique advantages, has been developed rapidly in the field of pharmaceutical analysis, especially in the TCM analysis. NIRS can reflect the global chemical information comprehensively, and this holistic approach can be used for the identification and cluster analysis of CMM. On the other hand, inspiring by the concept of TCM quality markers (Q-markers), by means of the activity screening assay of the key components from the CMM, multiple bioactive components quantitation can be achieved by the NIRS combined with chemometrics. Taking the full advantage of the NIR technology, a simple and reliable method for the fast evaluation of the quality of TCMs can be provided. Therefore, the progress and trend of modern TCM quality evaluation by NIR are discussed and prospected in the present review.
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Non-standardized planting, breeding, harvest and original process of Chinese herbal medicines, illegal dye addition and weight gain of Chinese medicine decoction pieces, and illegal production and business of counterfeit decoction pieces, all these seriously influence the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces. In the year of 2013, a market quality surveillance project of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces was carried out by the China Food and Drug Administration. This paper is a summary and analysis of the project, with the hope to reflect current situation of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines and decoction pieces.
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Objective: To discuss the feasibility of using partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as DNA barcoding to identify Saigae Tataricae Cornu (STC) in Chinese materia medica (CMM) preparation. Methods: The DNA barcoding identification was constructed in STC samples from eight different manufactories. The genome DNA was extracted by DNA extraction kit from adequately ground samples. The COI nucleotide sequences were PCR amplified with the Primers LCO1490 and HC02198 or specified primer 0703 and sequenced bi-directionally. The BLAST comparison was made in GeneBank, and the phylogenetic trees were constructed with the homologisation tree (DNAMAN) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ, MEGA 5.2) method. Saiga tatarica (gb|JN632700.1) and STC were selected as reference medicinal materials and the genetic distance was calculated using Kimura-2-parameter. Results: The lengths of partial mitochondrial COI gene collected from STC in eight samples of CMM preparation were about 658 bp. The phylogenetic tree showed that the samples of CMM preparation and reference substance assembled distinctly, and were completely separated from the outgroup. The intraspecific genetic distances of these samples ranged in 0-0.064 with an average of 0.020, and the interspecific genetic distances ranged in 0.167-0.195. Conclusion: The mitochondrial COI gene is a valid DNA barcoding gene for STC identification in CMM preparation. But other organs in antelope also contain the same gene. In order to ensure the accuracy of the results, other texst methods also need to be used cooperatively.
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Objective: To establish a new analytical method of ingredients transformation during the Chinese material medica (CMM) compound extraction: chromatographic fingerprints division total quantum statistical moment (CFDTQSM) method. Methods: The expression was set up by CFDTQSM method in order to analyze the fingerprint information of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD), and to explain the ingredients transformation during the CMM compound extraction. Results: It has been concluded by studying the extracting solution of HJD that the ingredients were stabilized after decocting for 160 min. And compared with the extraction process of single herb, some ingredients are restrained in HJD, some are advanced and some new ingredients are produced. Conclusion: The CFDTQSM method could be used to the study on the ingredients transformation during the CMM compound extraction, and the study on extraction time.
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To analyze the problems in the essential medicine of Chinese materia medica (CMM) in China and make the corresponding suggestions to provide a reference for the improvement of our characterized essential medicine list of CMM. By reviewing literatures, we learnt from foreign experience and analyzed the current situation of the essential medicine of CMM, stated the five primary problems existing in the part of the national essential medicine list of CMM, and proposed the suggestions. The problems are as follows: selection of the list in CMM is more based on the expertise with subjective factors; The proportion of the list in Chinese patent drug (CPD) is not clear; The access to the essential medicines of CMM is poor; There are many security risks with the quality of CMM injections and the prominent phenomenon of irrational use in CMM. The suggestions are as follows: to strengthen the evidence-based decision-making, improve the scientificity of the evidence in selecting the essential medicine of CMM, definite the proportion of the CPD in the list as soon as possible, strengthen the equipment and use of essential medicines of CMM, strengthen the ADR's monitoring and reevaluation of CMM injections, strengthen the guidance and advocacy of CMM, and reduce irrational drug use as well.
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Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the speed limit enzyme that liberates the sn-2 fatty acyl chains from phospho-lipids to yield nonesterified fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Its metabolites have a wide range of biological activity in a series of physiological and pathological process such as gene expression, energy metabolism, plasmalemma re-configuration, signal transduction, inflammation, trauma, and etc. This review introduced members of the PLA2 super-family and their functions. And the effect on the activity and/or mass of PLA2 family was summarized with a purpose to promote related research, of which more than 100 items included prescriptions, herbs and their active ingredients in 150 articles were collected from the database.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammation) is one of the diseases that affect women's health conditions, and leads to large economic burden. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) plays an impor-tant role in treating pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammatory). However, due to the lack of Evidence-based Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Technical Essentials of CMM in Treatment of Pelvic Inflamma-tory Disease Sequela (Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory), non-standard phenomenon often appears in the research liter-ature, such as the selection of research methods, viewpoint of research, determination of cost, effect and utility. Thus, the publish of Evidence-based Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Technical Essentials of CMM in Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Sequela (Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory) is essential for the pharmacoeconomic evalua-tion of CMM in treating pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammatory).
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By studying medical works during the Sui and Tang dynasty,we discussed the factors that doctors of that period believed to affect the dosage of medicine.We found that doctors of that period developed the dosage theory in terms of compatibility of medicines,onset time a disease,dosage form of medicine,constitution and age of patients,and toxicity of medicine.
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The content of academic annual conference of Cosmetic Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine in 2009 include following aspects: Progress communication of the cosmetology of TCM in clinic study, experimental study, teaching and management in the past 1 year. Discussion on the clinical progress of treating acne, moth-patch, skin aging, skin xerochase, verruca plana and simple obesity with TCM, acupuncture & moxibustion, integrated traditional and western medicine. Experience communication in construction of cosmetic subject. Study on the further work plan of Cosmetic Branch.
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Objective: To observe the expression of Smad in diabetic rat’s kidney and the effect of BaoYuan II to it.Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group,model group,Benazepril-treatment group and BaoYuan II-treatment group.The latter three groups were induced to be diabetic nephropathy by intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin and then the drugs were treated respectively.After eight weeks,the plasma albumin,blood glucose,urinary protein,urinary?2-M were determined and expression of mRNA of TGF-?1,Smad2,Smad3,Smad7 was detected by RT-PCR.Results: Compared with diabetic rats group,the level of plasma albumin was increased and the level of blood glucose,urinary protein,urinary?2-M was depressed in BaoYuan II-treatment group.The expression of TGF-?1 and Smad2,Smad3 were down-regulated and Smad7 was up-regulated in model group.The effects of BaoYuan II were similar to Benazepril.Conclusion: BaoYuan II had protected effect to diabetic nephropathy rats.It acted by regulating TGF-?1 and Smad2,Smad3,Smad7 possibly.